Although electronic cigarettes (also known as vape devices) were initially introduced as a revolutionary alternative to traditional tobacco products, their true nature and impact on health are only now coming to light. Various experts and health organizations are warning about the creation of a new generation of nicotine addicts and the long-term consequences that are still not fully researched. Despite this, the popularity of e-cigarettes is rapidly growing, especially among the youth, raising the question of how harmless this technology really is.

From smoking replacement to a global trend

The vape industry is experiencing enormous commercial success. The global market for e-cigarettes is estimated to be worth billions of dollars, and their use is becoming ubiquitous, from social media to school hallways. Their modern design and variety of flavors make them attractive, especially to younger generations. Unlike traditional cigarettes, which carry the stigma of harm and addiction, e-cigarettes are often marketed as a 'cleaner' alternative to smoking. However, behind this marketing trick lies a complex reality.

What are we actually inhaling?

The main ingredient in e-cigarette liquids is nicotine, a potent stimulant that creates physical and psychological dependence. In addition to nicotine, the chemical composition of e-cigarettes includes glycerin, propylene glycol, and various flavors that turn into an aerosol when heated. Numerous studies confirm that toxins such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, known for their carcinogenic properties, are released when inhaling this vapor.

One of the most controversial techniques in the vape industry is the use of nicotine salts, a technology that allows for quick and efficient nicotine absorption into the bloodstream. It was first popularized by the well-known brand Juul, enabling users to consume higher doses of nicotine without the unpleasant sensation of throat irritation. The result? Young people quickly develop addiction, often unaware of the amount of nicotine they are consuming.

Impact on youth health

The adolescent brain is particularly sensitive to the effects of nicotine. Scientific studies show that regular use of e-cigarettes negatively affects brain development, especially memory, concentration, and emotional regulation. Additionally, teenagers who use e-cigarettes are at a higher risk of depression and anxiety.

One of the alarming trends is that young people who experiment with e-cigarettes are three to five times more likely to later switch to conventional cigarettes. This data confirms the thesis that e-cigarettes are not only a 'less harmful' alternative but also a form of “gateway” to other forms of smoking.

Regulation and challenges

Regulation of e-cigarettes is significantly lagging behind their rapid popularity. Although the European Union has introduced stricter laws regarding nicotine content and advertising bans, the market continues to adapt quickly. In Croatia, minors are prohibited from purchasing and using e-cigarettes, but in practice, young people easily access vape devices through online orders or informal channels.

As the e-cigarette industry continues to grow and find new ways to attract users, health organizations are still warning about the unknown long-term consequences. Unfortunately, the consequences of using vape devices on the lungs and heart may only become evident years later, as was the case with traditional cigarettes.

The future of public health

The problem with e-cigarettes lies in the fact that marketing tactics rely on attractive flavors and social trends, while simultaneously masking the serious risk of addiction. Parents, educators, and health professionals are faced with the challenge of educating young people about the potential harm of vape products in an environment where they are often presented as “harmless”.

Discussions about the long-term effects of e-cigarettes have just begun, but one thing is certain – nicotine in any form has far-reaching consequences for individual and societal health. Every step toward regulation, education, and prevention is crucial in creating generations that will not fall victim to the marketing tactics of the nicotine product industry.