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Revolucionarna metoda sprezanja fotona i fonona omogućuje napredak u kvantnoj tehnologiji i sigurnim komunikacijama

Znanstvenici s Max Planck Instituta za znanost o svjetlu razvili su otpornu metodu sprezanja fotona i fonona, otvarajući nove mogućnosti u kvantnim komunikacijama i računalstvu. Njihova metoda koristi Brillouinovo raspršenje te omogućuje rad na višim temperaturama, smanjujući troškove i povećavajući primjenjivost.

Revolucionarna metoda sprezanja fotona i fonona omogućuje napredak u kvantnoj tehnologiji i sigurnim komunikacijama
Photo by: Domagoj Skledar/ arhiva (vlastita)

Znanstvenici s Max Planck Instituta za znanost o svjetlu (MPL) ostvarili su značajan napredak u kvantnoj tehnologiji demonstrirajući učinkovit način sprezanja fotona s akustičkim fononima. Ova metoda pokazuje iznimnu otpornost na vanjske smetnje, što je često izazov u kvantnim sustavima. Njihovo istraživanje objavljeno je u časopisu "Physical Review Letters".


Kvantna sprega: temelj kvantnih tehnologija


Kvantna sprega omogućuje da stanje jedne čestice trenutno utječe na stanje druge, bez obzira na udaljenost između njih. Ovaj fenomen ključan je za razvoj sigurnih kvantnih komunikacija i naprednih kvantnih računala. Tradicionalno, sprega se ostvaruje između fotona putem nelinearnih optičkih procesa. Međutim, istraživači s MPL-a uspjeli su spojiti fotone s fononima, kvazipartikulama koje predstavljaju zvučne valove, koristeći Brillouinovo raspršenje.


Brillouinovo raspršenje: most između svjetla i zvuka


Brillouinovo raspršenje je nelinearni optički efekt koji omogućuje interakciju između svjetlosnih i zvučnih valova unutar materijala. Kroz ovaj proces, fotoni i fononi mogu se povezati, stvarajući hibridne kvantne sustave. Ova metoda pruža stabilnu i učinkovitu platformu za kvantne aplikacije, posebno u uvjetima gdje su vanjske smetnje prisutne.


Otpornost na vanjske smetnje


Jedan od glavnih izazova u kvantnim tehnologijama je osjetljivost na vanjske smetnje koje mogu narušiti kvantnu spregu. Metoda razvijena na MPL-u pokazuje visoku otpornost na takve smetnje, što je ključno za praktičnu primjenu u kvantnim komunikacijama i računalstvu.


Primjena u kvantnim komunikacijama


Sprega fotona i fonona otvara nove mogućnosti za razvoj kvantnih komunikacijskih sustava. Fononi, zbog svoje prirode, mogu služiti kao kvantna memorija, dok fotoni omogućuju prijenos informacija na velike udaljenosti. Ova kombinacija može dovesti do učinkovitijih i sigurnijih komunikacijskih kanala.


Budućnost kvantnog računalstva


U kvantnom računalstvu, sprega različitih kvantnih stanja ključna je za obradu informacija. Integracija fotona i fonona može omogućiti razvoj novih kvantnih logičkih sklopova koji su otporniji na smetnje i učinkovitiji u radu.


Praktična implementacija


Istraživači su pokazali da se njihova metoda može primijeniti u optičkim vlaknima i fotoničkim integriranim čipovima. Ova fleksibilnost omogućuje široku primjenu u postojećim tehnologijama i olakšava integraciju u buduće kvantne sustave.


Rad na višim temperaturama


Jedan od značajnih uspjeha ove metode je mogućnost rada na temperaturama višim od standardnih pristupa, koji često zahtijevaju skupu opremu poput razrijeđenih hladnjaka. Metoda razvijena na MPL-u može se koristiti u uvjetima s temperaturama do desetaka Kelvina, što smanjuje troškove i olakšava implementaciju.

Izvor: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light

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Creation time: 19 November, 2024

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