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Semiyarka on the Kazakh Steppe: Planned Bronze Age Center of Metallurgy and Trade in Central Asia
Archaeologists have documented Semiyarka, the largest known planned Bronze Age settlement on the Kazakh steppe, on a rise above the Irtysh. Geophysics and excavations revealed residential blocks, a monumental building, and an industrial zone with crucibles, slag, and artifacts, confirming a large, centralized tin bronze operation.
06.12.2025