Urban planning and the way city districts are organized have far-reaching consequences for the health of residents, including their physical activity. The latest research, which gathered data collected over more than ten years, highlights the importance of so-called walkable neighborhoods, where the population density, availability of amenities, and quality of transport infrastructure align with pedestrian needs.

How urban design promotes walking

The results of the research, conducted on a sample of more than 11,000 twins, showed that each 1% increase in neighborhood walkability leads to a 0.42% increase in walking time. In practical terms, this means that a significant improvement in walkability could result in an additional 19 minutes of walking per week per resident, which represents an important step towards combating the growing sedentary lifestyle.

The lead researcher, Professor Glen Duncan from the University of Washington, emphasizes that a simple change, such as encouraging walking, can bring great benefits to public health. "We don’t need to invest in expensive programs or complex technologies to increase the level of physical activity in the population. It is enough to create an environment that encourages people to walk more," said Duncan.

What makes a neighborhood suitable for walking?

Neighborhood walkability is determined by a combination of factors such as population density, availability of amenities, and connectivity of road infrastructure. Walkable neighborhoods have better access to stores, parks, restaurants, and public transport, which further motivates residents to use their legs as their primary mode of transport. On the other hand, suburban and rural areas, where cars dominate, have significantly lower walkability levels.

An example of a walkable neighborhood is Capitol Hill in Seattle, which is full of restaurants, stores, and cultural amenities, with an excellently developed public transport network. This infrastructure reduces the need to drive a car and enables residents to lead a more active lifestyle.

The connection between walking and public transport

Data analysis showed that living in a walkable neighborhood increases the likelihood of using public transport. Although only a small number of research participants used public transport, those living in walkable areas were 32% less likely to never use public transport. This connection suggests a synergistic effect between walking and using more environmentally friendly forms of mobility.

Walking as a tool for public health

One of the most important conclusions of the research is that walking does not require expensive equipment or special preparation. Walking is a natural and accessible activity that helps meet the recommended 150 minutes of weekly physical activity. At the same time, it reduces the risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity.

"Walking is a universal activity that knows no limits. Regardless of age, financial capabilities, or fitness level, everyone can walk and improve their health," said Duncan.

Additional benefits of walkable neighborhoods

In addition to improving physical health, walkable neighborhoods have a positive impact on mental health. Being outdoors, interacting with the environment, and reduced stress from traffic congestion are just some of the additional benefits that such neighborhoods offer. Residents of walkable neighborhoods are more likely to engage in social activities, which further strengthens the community and enhances the quality of life.

Research conclusions

The research, which gathered scientists from several prestigious universities, including Washington, Southern California, and Columbia, provides compelling evidence of the importance of walkable neighborhoods for the health and well-being of residents. Long-term urban solutions that include walkability should become a priority in city planning, not only because of health benefits but also due to the creation of more sustainable and pleasant places to live.