Climate change, which has been in the focus of scientific research for some time now, has entered a new, alarming phase. According to the latest report from 2024, the state of climate indicators on a global level has reached new extreme values, clearly highlighting the seriousness of the current crisis. Scientists warn that now is the crucial time to take drastic actions to avoid irreversible consequences for the environment and human communities.

The report, which includes data collected from various ecological areas, indicates that out of 35 planetary vital signs used by scientists to monitor climate change, as many as 25 have reached record levels. Among these extreme indicators, the average surface temperature of the Earth is at a historically high level, while concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane are also at their peaks. Only in July 2024, three of the hottest days in recorded history were recorded, further emphasizing the urgency of the situation.

In addition to the warming of the planet, the report highlights alarming trends in deforestation and the increase in populations of herbivores, such as cattle, sheep, and goats, which are key emitters of greenhouse gases. The total population of herbivores is now at a record level, increasing by approximately 170,000 animals daily, while the global human population is similarly on a continuous rise, increasing by around 200,000 people every day. Scientists also noted that fossil fuel consumption rose by 1.5% in 2023, with the largest increases in coal and oil consumption.

Renewable energy sources: Progress, but not enough

Despite the increase in the use of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, which recorded a growth of 15% in 2023, their use still accounts for only a small part of total global energy consumption. The current rise in renewable energy sources is mainly the result of increased demand for electricity, rather than a replacement of fossil fuels with renewables. This challenge highlights the need for a greater focus on reducing dependence on fossil fuels to achieve real results in the fight against climate change.

The loss of forest cover is also worrying, with deforestation increasing globally from 22.8 million hectares in 2022 to 28.3 million hectares in 2023. Forests, which are crucial for carbon absorption, are now rapidly decreasing, exacerbating the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Climate risks and potential scenarios

One of the key findings of the report is that current climate conditions are creating an increased risk of intensified feedback loops, such as permafrost thawing, which further accelerates climate change. These feedback loops, 28 of which have been identified so far, worsen global warming and lead to potentially irreversible ecological consequences. The report also emphasizes that many ecosystems, including the Arctic and Antarctica, are in critical condition, with record losses of ice mass.

For example, the massive melting of Greenland's ice and the reduction of the average thickness of glaciers are among the most alarming indicators. At the same time, data show that ocean acidity is at a historically high level, which has significant consequences for marine ecosystems. Scientists have warned that if drastic measures are not taken now, the world could enter a phase of irreversible climate change that could destabilize ecosystems and threaten the lives of billions of people.

Geopolitical implications of climate change

In addition to ecological consequences, climate change also has a significant impact on global political and economic stability. Climate disasters, such as heatwaves, floods, and hurricanes, increasingly affect poor communities that have contributed the least to greenhouse gas emissions but are most affected by their consequences. This injustice further intensifies pressure on international negotiators ahead of the upcoming UN climate change conference, which will be held from November 11 to 22, 2024, in Baku, Azerbaijan.

The report highlights the urgent need for action to prevent further deterioration of the climate crisis, with a particular emphasis on the need for changes in global energy policy. Scientists recommend the introduction of a global carbon price, increasing energy efficiency, and reducing fossil fuel consumption, as well as protecting biodiverse ecosystems that play key roles in carbon absorption and storage.

Climate education and social transformation

One of the key recommendations of the report is the integration of climate change education into global educational systems. Scientists believe that increased awareness and literacy on climate issues will contribute to greater engagement from citizens, politicians, and decision-makers in the fight against climate change. Additionally, there is a need to promote sustainable dietary habits based on plant-based nutrition, further reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the food sector.

In concluding the report, scientists warn that the progress made so far in combating climate change is insufficient, and that radical changes in global policies and practices are necessary. Although renewable energy is on the rise, without a significant reduction in fossil fuel consumption and global overconsumption, the world could witness dramatic consequences that will shape future generations.

Source: Oregon State University