NCI-funded researchers have made significant progress in understanding how to detect and treat kidney cancer. Recent studies show that new therapies, such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy, have significantly improved patient outcomes, particularly for those with advanced forms of the disease.

Advances in early detection of kidney cancer
Liquid biopsies, which involve analyzing DNA released by kidney tumors, represent a promising tool for the early detection of small kidney tumors. Although the results are promising, further research is needed to confirm the accuracy of these tests and enable their broader application in clinical practice.

Genetic testing and kidney cancer risk
About 5% to 8% of kidney cancers are caused by inherited genetic changes. Genetic testing now allows for the identification of these changes, helping with personalized monitoring of kidney health and potential disease prevention in high-risk individuals.

Targeted therapies for advanced kidney cancer
The most common type of kidney cancer, clear cell carcinoma, is often caused by changes in the VHL gene. Targeted therapies that inhibit specific pathways within these cells, such as the drug belzutifan, have shown significant improvement in patients with this type of cancer. This drug, which blocks the HIF-2α protein, has been approved for treating advanced clear cell kidney cancer and has demonstrated durable results in controlling the disease.

Rare types of kidney cancer and innovative approaches
For patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma, which accounts for about 15% of kidney cancer cases, new combination therapies such as cabozantinib and atezolizumab immunotherapy show significant potential. Studies indicate that such combinations may extend the time without disease progression and improve overall patient outcomes.

Immunotherapy as a key strategy in the fight against kidney cancer
Immunotherapy has become a central focus in treating kidney cancer, especially for patients with advanced-stage disease. Combinations of immunotherapeutic drugs, such as ipilimumab and nivolumab, show durable responses in patients, making this therapy a standard of care for certain patient groups.

New radiation methods and treatments for metastatic cancer
Recent research shows that stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR), which uses targeted radiation beams to target tumors, can control metastatic kidney cancer and reduce the need for systemic therapy in patients with oligometastases. This method, which minimizes damage to surrounding tissues, could become a standard of care for patients with this form of the disease.

NCI-supported research programs
Numerous NCI programs support basic and clinical research in the field of kidney cancer. These programs, including specialized programs of excellence (SPOREs) and the National Clinical Trials Network (NCTN), ensure the effective translation of scientific discoveries into clinical practice, facilitating progress in treatment and long-term patient survival.

Source: National Cancer Institute US